Imagine you're enjoying this article on your Kenbak-2000 personal computer, or secretly wishing you were the richest man in the world, John Blankenbaker. This easily could have been the case if in 1971 the Kenbak-1, subsequently considered by the Computer History Museum as the world's first personal computer, had been recognized as the sole standard for the future development of the PC.

Think; no 1977 Trinity (Apple II, TRS-80, and Commodore PET) or IBM 5150 in 1981, which arguably set the scene for the entire PC era, making household names of previously niche players such as Intel and Microsoft. Thankfully, while certain patents were awarded to the Kenbak-1, we can thank IT industry policy makers of the time for seeing how much more innovation and invention was left in the PC industry.

Even more importantly the market needed more time to reward the companies who were delivering systems that could best meet its needs. This ability to create an environment where innovation flourished, while intellectual property was still credited and protected, means that today nearly 2 billion PCs have been sold, versus the 40 Kenbak-1 PCs that made it off the production line.

The ability to allow continuous market-driven innovation rather than creating standards and policies based on an early view of what the world of tomorrow might look like is central to business success - it means that you're not deciphering this article from Morse code, or driving to work in a Model-T Ford.

Open vs closed innovation

The advent of the Internet has fundamentally changed the way businesses define business models and harness innovation. Henry Chesbrough in his book Open Innovation, the New Imperative for Creating Profit from Technology refers to the time before the Internet as "Closed Innovation" and the era after its inception as "Open Innovation".

Before the wide adoption of the Internet, innovation used to be a closed process, undertaken with a silo-mentality. Business leaders used to think that to profit from research and development that, like John Blankenbaker, they had to be first to market. They would have to directly hire people to make discoveries, develop and market the discoveries themselves and then use tools such as patents to control this intellectual property so that competitors could not share in the spoils.

Chesbrough notes that today's Internet-powered competitive business landscape makes closed innovation increasing hard to achieve. Incredibly fluid employee availability and mobility, the proliferation of small market-driven technology businesses - today small businesses account for over 99 per cent of all enterprises - outsourcing, off-shoring and the proliferation of new market-driven sources of innovation means that with great product choice and faster innovation cycles customers increasingly want product interoperability, rather than a rigid, pre-defined single standard.

Document standards

There is an interoperability versus single-standard debate raging at the moment, which has a direct impact on business - should the open document format (ODF) be the sole standard for business documents, or should Office Open XML (OOXML) also be allowed as a choice for businesses and document users?

Data formats have been around as long as computing. They reflect the varying capabilities and functions of different computing systems and have evolved as those computing systems have evolved. Punch cards were once commonplace, but you wouldn't think to use them today. In the decades since their use, a wide range of formats - .txt, .pdf, HTML, and .doc, to name a few - have become popular because they meet specific user needs and tap into new computing capabilities.

Two years ago Microsoft submitted Office Open XML to Ecma International, an international association founded in 1961 and dedicated to the standardization of information, to go through the process to make it an open standard. A growing list of companies, including Microsoft, Apple, Novell, Xandros, Linspire, TurboLinux, Corel and Dataviz recognize the desire of users of their software to work with multiple formats and are giving those users the tools they need to do so. However, despite industry belief that customers would be happy to choose, there is a chance in March this year that some national body members of the ISO may not approve OOXML as a document standard. In a preliminary vote last September, 51 national bodies voted yes, but under the consensus system of the ISO this was insufficient.

We should expect the creation of new formats in the future as technology evolves. Uniform office format, or UOF, is under development in China, while a group of former ODF supporters has broken away and are now promoting another document format standard called CDF. Such diversity has always been the case and users should be able to choose the formats that work best for them, especially if they are fundamentally different formats that meet different needs in the marketplace, as is the case in China.

OOXML skeptics argue that OOXML contains Microsoft-specific legacy formats that can cause interoperability problems, and will serve only to strengthen Microsoft's domination in the office productivity software market. OOXML is already being used in the 2007 Microsoft Office system, making it easier for people to use the software suite that creates the vast majority of the world's business document to create and share documents, regardless of the platform or application.

Customers who want to work with multiple formats can do so now and into the future through the use of tools called "connectors." The simple fact is that OOXML should be agreed as an interoperable standard along with ODF and other standards that meet the criteria to allow the market to choose which one they will use to achieve what they need with their business documents.

Standards and policy

Suppose Charles H. Duell, director of the US Patent Office had shut it down following his 1899 proclamation that "everything that can be invented, has been invented". When people take a narrow view of what is achievable through technology, innovation is the inevitable collateral damage - especially dangerous at a time when the governments of Asia are looking to information and communications technology as a major added value to economic output and creating jobs.

I recently attended a meeting in Malaysia where there was a clear statement from the Honorable Dato' Dr Jamaludin Jarjis, Malaysia's minister of science, technology and innovation, that the country should adopt an open innovation model and that this should be market driven. CompTIA supports industry standards and strongly believes that standards such as OOXML are good for any country in the region that wants to pursue open innovation approaches. I'm not necessarily saying that the market would choose to use OOXML, but the market needs the opportunity to decide, otherwise we could be building an environment that stifles, rather than encourages innovation.

If Mr Duell had done that in 1899, I might still be wearing a fashionable Victorian knee length frock coat and a top hat.

The author is Michael Mudd, the director of public policy, Asia-Pacific, CompTIA, a global trade association representing the business interests of the information technology industry. The opinions expressed in the article are his own.

(China Daily 02/25/2008 page9)

 

 

2013-07-17